Types of Drug Classifications and Subclassifications

  Types of Drug Classifications and Subclassifications1.      By Chemical Structure:

• Benzodiazepines
• Subclasses: 1,4-Benzodiazepines, 1,5-Benzodiazepines
• Classified by: Leo Sternbach, Hoffmann-La Roche
• Beta-lactams
• Subclasses: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactams
• Classified by: Alexander Fleming, Howard Florey, Ernst Boris Chain, Edward Abraham, Guy Newton
• Opioids
• Subclasses: Naturally Occurring Opioids, Semi-synthetic Opioids, Synthetic Opioids
• Classified by: Friedrich Sertürner, Heinrich Dreser, Paul Janssen
• Sulfonamides
• Subclasses: Simple Sulfonamides, Complex Sulfonamides
• Classified by: Gerhard Domagk
• Aminoglycosides
• Subclasses: Natural Aminoglycosides, Semi-synthetic Aminoglycosides
• Classified by: Selman Waksman
• Quinolones
• Subclasses: First-generation Quinolones, Second-generation Quinolones, Third-generation Quinolones, Fourth-generation Quinolones
• Classified by: George Lesher
• Macrolides
• Subclasses: 14-membered Macrolides, 15-membered Macrolides, 16-membered Macrolides
• Classified by: J. M. McGuire and colleagues
• Tetracyclines
• Subclasses: Short-acting Tetracyclines, Intermediate-acting Tetracyclines, Long-acting Tetracyclines
• Classified by: Benjamin Duggar
• Barbiturates
• Subclasses: Ultra-short-acting Barbiturates, Short-acting Barbiturates, Intermediate-acting Barbiturates, Long-acting Barbiturates
• Classified by: Emil Fischer, Joseph von Mering
• Phenothiazines
• Subclasses: Aliphatic Phenothiazines, Piperazine Phenothiazines, Piperidine Phenothiazines
• Classified by: Paul Charpentier 

2.      By Mechanism of Action:

• ACE Inhibitors
• Beta-blockers
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Classified by: Various researchers and pharmaceutical companies

3.      By Therapeutic Use:

• Antibiotics
• Antihypertensives
• Antidiabetics
• Classified by: Various researchers and pharmaceutical companies

4.      By Pharmacological Effect:

• Analgesics
• Antipyretics
• Anti-inflammatory
• Classified by: Various researchers and pharmaceutical companies

5.      By Source of Origin:

• Natural
• Synthetic
• Semi-synthetic
• Classified by: Various researchers and pharmaceutical companies

6.      By Legal Classification:

• Prescription Drugs
• Over-the-Counter Drugs (OTC)
• Controlled Substances
• Classified by: Regulatory agencies (e.g., FDA, DEA)

7.      By Route of Administration:

• Oral
• Topical
• Parenteral
• Classified by: Various researchers and pharmaceutical companies

8.      By Potential for Abuse:

• Schedule I
• Schedule II
• Schedule III
• Classified by: Regulatory agencies (e.g., DEA)

9.      By Target Organ/System:

• Cardiovascular Drugs
• Respiratory Drugs
• Gastrointestinal Drugs
• Classified by: Various researchers and pharmaceutical companies

10.  By Biological Impact:

• Cytotoxic Drugs
• Immunosuppressants
• Hormones
• Classified by: Various researchers and pharmaceutical companies 

11.  By Duration of Action:

• Short-acting
• Intermediate-acting
• Long-acting
• Classified by: Various researchers and pharmaceutical companies

12.  By Age Group:

• Pediatric Drugs
• Geriatric Drugs
• Classified by: Various researchers and pharmaceutical companies

13.  By Disease or Condition Treated:

• Antiviral Drugs
• Antifungal Drugs
• Anticancer Drugs
• Classified by: Various researchers and pharmaceutical companies

14.  By Pharmacokinetic Properties:

• Rapid Onset
• Slow Onset
• Classified by: Various researchers and pharmaceutical companies

15.  By Physical Form:

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Classified by: Various researchers and pharmaceutical companies

Diagram 

This classification covers a broad range of criteria, ensuring a thorough understanding from multiple perspectives.

Related Articles for "Drug Classification by Chemical Structure"

1. "A Comprehensive Guide to Pharmacology: Understanding Drug Mechanisms"

   • This article explores the fundamental mechanisms of how drugs interact with the body, focusing on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

2. "The Evolution of Antibiotics: From Discovery to Resistance"

   • Delve into the history of antibiotic discovery, including the pioneering work of Alexander Fleming and the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance.

3. "Opioid Crisis: Understanding the Role of Synthetic Opioids"

   • An in-depth look at the opioid crisis, focusing on the role of synthetic opioids and efforts to manage and mitigate addiction.

4. "Benzodiazepines: Uses, Risks, and Alternatives"

   • An article discussing the therapeutic uses of benzodiazepines, their potential risks, and alternative treatments for anxiety and insomnia.

5. "The Role of Beta-lactams in Modern Medicine"

   • Explore the various subclasses of beta-lactams, their clinical applications, and their importance in treating bacterial infections.

6. "Sulfonamides: The First Antibiotics and Their Legacy"

   • A historical overview of sulfonamides, their discovery by Gerhard Domagk, and their lasting impact on medicine.

7. "Innovations in Quinolone Antibiotics: A Generational Perspective"
   

   • Discuss the development of quinolone antibiotics, from first-generation to fourth-generation, and their clinical significance.

8. "The Impact of Macrolides on Respiratory Infections"

   • This article covers the role of macrolides in treating respiratory infections, with a focus on their pharmacology and clinical applications.

9. "Tetracyclines: Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics and Their Applications"

   • An exploration of tetracyclines, their broad-spectrum activity, and their use in treating a variety of infections.

10. "Barbiturates: History, Use, and Modern Alternatives"

    • A detailed look at the history of barbiturates, their therapeutic uses, and the development of safer alternatives.

11. "Phenothiazines in Psychiatry: A Historical and Clinical Perspective"

    • Discuss the discovery and clinical use of phenothiazines in treating psychiatric disorders, with an emphasis on their subclasses.

12. "Drug Classification by Mechanism of Action: An Overview"

    • An article that complements the chemical structure classification by discussing drugs categorized by their mechanisms of action.

13. "Therapeutic Use Classification of Drugs: A Practical Guide"

    • A practical guide to understanding drug classification based on therapeutic use, including common examples and clinical relevance.

14. "Pharmacological Effects: How Drugs Impact the Body"

    • Explore the various pharmacological effects of drugs, such as analgesics, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatory agents.

15. "Natural vs. Synthetic Drugs: Understanding the Differences"

• A comparison of natural, synthetic, and semi-synthetic drugs, highlighting their sources, benefits, and drawbacks.

Keywords for Related Articles: Drug classification, pharmacology, antibiotics, opioid crisis, benzodiazepines, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, quinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, barbiturates, phenothiazines, drug mechanisms, therapeutic use, pharmacological effects, natural drugs, synthetic drugs.